cyber security and networking

Networking

• Internet: World Wide Web, web servers, web clients, web sites, web pages, web

browsers, blogs, news groups, HTML, web address, e-mail address,

downloading and uploading files from a remote site.

• Internet protocols: TCP/IP, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, HTTPS. Remote login and file

transfer protocols: SSH, SFTP, FTP, SCP, TELNET, SMTP, TCP/IP.

• Services available on the internet: information retrieval, locating sites using

search engines and finding people on the net;

• Web services: chat, email, video conferencing, e-Learning, e-Banking,

eShopping, e-Reservation, e-Governance, e-Groups, social networking.

• Mobile technologies: SMS, MMS, 3G, 4G.

**Networking**

Networking refers to the interconnectedness of computers, devices, and networks that enables communication and data sharing. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, protocols, and applications that facilitate the exchange of information across various platforms.

**The Internet**

The Internet is a vast network of interconnected computers that spans the globe. It provides a platform for sharing information, accessing resources, and engaging with others worldwide. Key components of the Internet include:

* **World Wide Web (WWW):** The WWW is the most widely used part of the Internet. It consists of interconnected web pages that can be accessed using web browsers.

* **Web Servers:** Web servers store and deliver web pages to web clients.

* **Web Clients:** Web clients, such as web browsers, allow users to access and interact with web pages.

* **Web Sites:** A web site is a collection of web pages that are typically owned and maintained by a single organization or individual.

* **Web Pages:** Web pages are individual documents that make up a web site. They contain text, images, and other multimedia content.

* **Web Browsers:** Web browsers are software applications that allow users to access and interact with web pages.

* **Blogs:** Blogs are online journals or diaries that allow individuals to share their thoughts, ideas, and experiences with others.

* **News Groups:** News groups are online forums where users can discuss various topics of interest.

* **HTML:** HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It defines the structure and content of web pages.

* **Web Address:** A web address, also known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), is a unique identifier for a web page.

* **Email Address:** An email address is a unique identifier for an individual's electronic mailbox.

* **Downloading and Uploading Files:** Downloading files involves transferring files from a remote server to a local computer. Uploading files involves transferring files from a local computer to a remote server.

**Internet Protocols**

Internet protocols are standardized rules that govern how data is transmitted and exchanged over the Internet. Key protocols include:

* **TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):** TCP/IP is the suite of protocols that form the basis of the Internet. It defines how data is broken down into packets, addressed, routed, and reassembled at the destination.

* **SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):** SMTP is the protocol used for sending email messages.

* **POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3):** POP3 is a protocol used for retrieving email messages from a server.

* **HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):** HTTP is the protocol used for requesting and delivering web pages.

* **HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):** HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transmission to protect sensitive information.

* **Remote Login and File Transfer Protocols:** Remote login and file transfer protocols allow users to access and manage files on remote computers. Key protocols include:

* **SSH (Secure Shell):** SSH is a secure protocol for remote login and file transfer.

* **SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol):** SFTP is a secure protocol for transferring files over an SSH connection.

* **FTP (File Transfer Protocol):** FTP is a protocol for transferring files between computers.

* **SCP (Secure Copy):** SCP is a secure protocol for transferring files between computers.

* **TELNET (Teletype Network):** TELNET is an older protocol for remote login and file transfer.

**Services Available on the Internet**

The Internet offers a wide range of services, including:

* **Information Retrieval:** The Internet provides access to a vast amount of information, including news, academic articles, and educational resources.

* **Locating Sites Using Search Engines:** Search engines help users find websites and information on the Internet.

* **Finding People on the Net:** Social networking sites and online directories allow users to connect with friends, family, and others.

**Web Services**

Web services are applications that provide functionality over the Internet. They allow users to access and interact with data and programs remotely. Examples of web services include:

* **Chat:** Chat services allow users to communicate with others in real time.

* **Email:** Email services allow users to send and receive electronic messages.

* **Video Conferencing:** Video conferencing services allow users to have face-to-face conversations over the Internet.

* **eLearning:** eLearning services provide online courses and educational resources.

* **eBanking:** eBanking services allow users to manage their finances online.

* **eShopping:** eShopping services allow users to purchase goods and services online.

* **eReservation:** eReservation services allow users to book appointments, tickets, and accommodations online.

* **eGovernance:** eGovernance services enable electronic delivery of government services to citizens.

* **eGroups:** eGroups allow users